A Family of Bidirectional DC–DC Converters With Quadratic Voltage Gain and Continuous Current Profiles for EV Energy Storage Systems

This paper presents a novel family of non-isolated bidirectional DC–DC converters with quadratic buck–boost voltage gain, continuous input/output currents, and a common ground configuration. The proposed converters combine key advantages such as high voltage gain, wide operating range, low voltage stress on power devices, and reduced current ripple. Although all topologies share the same quadratic voltage gain, they exhibit different voltage and current stress profiles across the switches, providing design flexibility to choose the suitable option for the diverse requirements of EVs energy storage systems. Initially, this paper discusses the converter operation in discharging and charging modes; then, steady-state, and dynamic modeling analyses are presented. Furthermore, experimentations are conducted on a 300 W, 50 kHz laboratory prototype of the proposed converter. The experimental results confirmed the viability of the proposed converters for energy storage applications with a peak efficiency of 97.01 % in discharging and 96.3 % in charging operation. Additionally, the proposed DC–DC converters are compared with recent bidirectional converters using multiple performance indices, including ripple factor, which indicates their suitability for EV charger applications.