Parity-Time Symmetric Wireless Power Transfer System With Multi-DoF Misalignment Tolerance

With the rapid advancement of wireless power transfer technology (WPT), the requirement for stable power transmission across spatial domains has become increasingly prominent. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DoF) anti-misalignment WPT system based on Parity-Time (PT) symmetry technology. The system can maintain stable output by integrating the designed 3D orthogonal coupling mechanism with PT symmetry theory and employing a dynamic switching strategy for the operating coil based on frequency detection. Furthermore, an improved NSGA-II algorithm is introduced for multi-objective optimization of structural parameters to ensure sustained over-coupled operation under multi-DoF misalignment conditions. Experimental results show that the proposed system can autonomously track the characteristic frequency. Moreover, the system can maintain 16.12W output power and 62.6% transmission efficiency within a 50 cm cubic workspace under multi-DoF misalignment conditions, and enable stable omnidirectional energy transfer.