Polarized Beam Tracking for High-Mobility UAV Millimeter-Wave Communication Networks

The advancement of next-generation wireless technologies has led unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems to increasingly rely on millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays for high data throughput and directional transmission. However, UAV mobility and instability pose major challenges for beam alignment, especially under high-gain, narrow-beam conditions. To overcome the limitations of conventional beam tracking methods, including sensitivity to measurement errors, signal distortion, and degraded performance in multiple base station (BS) environments, this paper proposes a polarized beam tracking algorithm based on the generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) filter, tailored for high-mobility UAV mmWave networks. The method jointly models the spatiotemporal evolution of beam direction and polarization characteristics, achieving high-precision beam tracking in dynamic UAV scenarios. To meet multi-beam coverage and interference suppression requirements, a beamforming strategy integrating multiple mainlobes with multiple deep nulls is introduced, effectively enhancing system transmission performance and robustness. Simulation results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing approaches in beam alignment accuracy, tracking robustness, and interference suppression. Specifically, it achieves a polarization parameter RMSE of 0.0972 and an interference suppression null depth of -66.11dB. Moreover, the multi-beamforming and null-broadening strategies further enhance UAV communication performance in wide-area coverage and interference-limited scenarios.