An Energy-Aware Offline–Online Co-Design Framework for Robust Sensor Management in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper proposes an energy-aware offline-online co-design framework for robust sensor management in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The goal is to optimize the trade-off among energy consumption, the number of active sensors, and estimation accuracy, while ensuring rapid recovery from dynamic disturbances like node failures and deceptive attacks. The framework integrates an offline Hybrid Initialization Greedy Sensor Selection (HIGSS) algorithm to select a robust and efficient initial sensor set, and an Online Sensor Replacement (OSR) mechanism for lightweight runtime maintenance. Comprehensive experimental results verify that the proposed co-design framework achieves superior performance in network lifetime, energy efficiency, and recovery capability compared to conventional approaches.