Multibeam Rectifying Metasurface for Distributed Multiobjective Microwave Power Transmission Systems

A multi-beam rectifying metasurface (RMS) with polarization insensitivity and wide input power capability is presented. The proposed RMS consists of periodic dual-port energy harvesting units, a power-combining network, and a wide-input-power rectifier circuit. Orthogonal microstrip lines are integrated onto a regular dodecagonal metallic patch, enabling the dual-port design to capture incident waves at various polarization angles. Metallic vias transfer the harvested energy to a multi-beam power-combining network located on the underlying layer. By configuring specific amplitude and phase distributions, multiple beam directions can be synthesized, extending the angular coverage of incident waves. A wide-input-power rectifier circuit featuring impedance compression and harmonic suppression is also designed and connected to the power-combining network, enabling efficient DC power conversion across varying input power levels. A 6×6 RMS array integrated with a rectifier circuit operating at 5.8 GHz was fabricated and measured. Results demonstrate equivalent beam patterns at -45°, 0°, and 45° polarizations. The rectifier achieves over 50% efficiency across an input power range of 5–20 dBm, while the RF-DC peak efficiency of the RMS exceeds 70% at all three evaluated angles. The proposed RMS facilitates multi-directional energy harvesting for Internet of Things (IoT) sensor devices.