A Distributed Encoding Storage Scheme for State Data of Blockchain

Blockchain data encoding has been proposed as a solution to reduce the storage load on full nodes in blockchain systems. However, the high latency and cost associated with the decoding process make coding techniques difficult to apply to frequently accessed blockchain data. This limitation is particularly significant in blockchain applications for the Internet of Things, where nodes generally have limited storage capabilities. To address this issue, we propose a novel blockchain encoding storage architecture. We classify the frequently used state data in blockchain into hot data and cold data, with hot data stored normally and cold data encoded. In addition, we designed a new transaction processing mechanism that prioritizes transactions involving specific data within a single block production process, thereby reducing the frequency of data decoding. At the same time, we use erasure codes and Merkle trees to ensure the security of the stored data. Experimental results show that in our approach, the account data storage on full nodes is significantly lower than that of normal full nodes, while the block transaction volume and block generation time are not substantially different from the normal state. Finally, we verify the robustness of our method against node dropouts through experiments.