Robust Hyperchaotic Attractor-Based Image Encryption and FPGA Implementation

The development of low-dimensional hyperchaotic maps with controllable dynamics and high randomness is both important and challenging. To address these issues, we propose a novel two-dimensional torus hyperchaotic map (2D-THM). This map is constructed through torus projections, which ensures global boundedness and produces diverse petal-like hyperchaotic attractors. Particularly, the torus parameters enable flexible control over attractor structure and pattern characteristics. Comparative analyses using numerical simulations and entropy metrics demonstrate that 2D-THM achieves superior complexity and robust hyperchaotic properties. Based on this map, a novel image encryption algorithm is presented. This algorithm utilizes attractor features to achieve high storage efficiency, making it particularly suitable for resource-constrained environments. Comprehensive security analyses confirm strong resistance to various attacks. Furthermore, this algorithm is implemented on FPGA platform, achieving an encryption time of 47 ms for a 1 MB image with low power consumption and efficient RAM usage, thereby validating its practical efficiency and hardware adaptability for real-world applications.