Numerical Analysis of Quasi-Periodic Concentric Hexagonal Ring Antenna Array Based on the Thue–Morse Sequence

This work investigates performance enhancement in phased antenna arrays arranged using a quasi-periodic concentric hexagonal ring array structure. The proposed PAA employs an unconventional geometric layout in which antenna elements are placed on concentric hexagonal rings, with inter-ring spacing determined by the Thue–Morse sequence. The impact of this quasi-periodic variation on array performance is systematically analyzed in terms of half-power beamwidth, sidelobe level, and scan capability, focused on the grating lobes behavior. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed concentric hexagonal rings array configuration yields measurable improvements if compared with standard ones, especially in terms of grating lobes mitigation, highlighting its potential for advanced phased array applications.