Methods for Monitoring the Human Respiratory System: A Review

This paper devotes to the actualization and analysis of various methods of monitoring the human respiratory system. Since this system can subject to various disturbances (environment) and diseases (COPD, pneumonia, asthma, COVID 19), it raises the question of quality diagnostics. This review considers non-invasive methods of respiratory monitoring that use the following sensors: piezoresistive, inductive, piezoelectric, impedance, accelerometer, gyroscope, acoustic, thermistor, temperature, pressure, humidity, ECG, PPG. The last two sensors produce cardiovascular diagnoses, but with certain methods it is possible to extract the respiratory component. In addition, the devices (pneumotachograph and spirometer), which are references for the diagnosis of the respiratory system, are considered. As a result of this study, the following were considered: sensors and devices were reviewed with examples of their use; direct measurements were highlighted; and the analysis of each sensor considered showed that, with proper setup and calibration, an acceptably comparable result to reference devices can achieve.