A Space Particle Diamond Detector Based on a Ti/Pt/Au Composite Electrode Structure and Aerospace-Grade Packaging Materials

Deep space exploration demands high-performance particle detectors capable of withstanding complex and harsh environments, including extreme temperature fluctuations and intense radiation. Conventional silicon-based semiconductor detectors are prone to degradation under such extreme conditions, falling short of mission requirements. To address this issue, we present a novel diamond radiation detector utilizing a composite electrode structure and aerospace-grade packaging materials. Fabricated with high-purity single-crystal diamond, the detector features a Ti/Pt/Au composite electrode that significantly enhances adhesion strength and bonding reliability. This design achieves a 100% first-pass success rate for 25 μm gold wire bonding, with an average bond pull strength of 9.8 g. The use of aerospace-grade FR4 packaging with a through-hole structure allows the sensitive area to be directly exposed to the space environment while supporting multi-chip stacking and back-end sensor integration for versatile mission profiles. Performance tests and space environment adaptability experiments demonstrate a charge collection efficiency exceeding 90% at a 200 V bias, an energy resolution better than 2%, a dark current below 50 pA at 250 V, and tolerance to a total γ-irradiation dose of 10,000 krad without performance degradation. The detector also maintains excellent current characteristics and spectral response at 120 °C. This work overcomes the operational limits of traditional semiconductor detectors and advances the application of novel diamond detectors in deep space exploration.