Classification and Spatial Morphology Analysis of Traditional Village Landscape Systems Based on Remote Sensing Imagery

Traditional villages serve as vital carriers of China's regional culture, and concentrated, contiguous revitalization efforts can achieve diversified and coordinated development. To explore effective methods for classifying landscape clusters, this study uses traditional villages in the Qiandongnan region as a case example. It introduces spatial morphology genealogy and cultural regional character theory to construct a similarity index system for calculating landscape similarity, thereby classifying landscape clusters and uncovering their spatial morphological characteristics. Results indicate the following: First, Qiandongnan region prefecture comprises 21 traditional village landscape clusters, with similarity coefficients exceeding 0.7 among villages within each cluster, revealing pronounced regional clustering patterns centered on watershed units. Second, in terms of site selection patterns, four typical models—mountain dwelling, terrace dwelling, river valley dwelling, and plain dwelling—were identified based on human–land relationship gradients, forming a complete environmental response spectrum from “defensive adaptation” to “agricultural expansion.” Third, in terms of landscape structure, five stable element sequence patterns were identified: “paddy-forest-village-river,” “mountain-forest-village-paddy,” and “forest-village-paddy-stream.” These reveal the ecological wisdom and spatial order of villages synergistically organized with natural elements, such as mountains, water, forests, and fields. Fourth, architectural layouts reveal three major morphological lineages—linear, clustered, and dispersed—comprising seven subtypes, reflecting the combined influence of topographical constraints, sociocultural factors, and subsistence strategies. Five, traditional villages in Qiandongnan region achieve deep integration of living, productive, and ecological spaces through adaptive construction logic characterized by “site selection based on terrain, spatial sequencing following topography, and balanced clustering and. dispersion”