Miniaturized Pulse Energy Radiator for Efficient Radiation of Subnanosecond Time-Domain Pulses

A miniaturized sub-nanosecond time-domain pulse energy radiator (PER) is proposed in this letter. The proposed PER balances the need for a miniaturized electrical aperture with high time-domain radiation performance by leveraging the low-frequency concentration property of time-domain pulse energy. The reflected current during radiation is suppressed by designing reflected current paths and loading resistors based on Jacobi's law. This improvement contributes to the traveling-wave radiation of the PER, thereby broadening the turn-on frequency. The expanded low-frequency bandwidth simultaneously promotes the miniaturization of the electrical aperture and increases the low-frequency total efficiency of PER. Consequently, the total radiation efficiency of the time-domain pulse energy is improved, leading to an overall enhancement in the time-domain performance of the PER. We detailed the design mechanism and process, and the proposed PER and a conventional PER were fabricated and measured to verify the design. Under the same input and physical aperture constraints, the proposed PER has an effective potential gain (Gep) enhancement of 27.5% and a tail amplitude suppression of 60%. Meanwhile, the proposed PER achieved a miniaturized electrical aperture with a size of 0.16λL(L) × 0.11λL(H) × 0.07λL(W). The results demonstrate that the time-domain performance of miniaturized PER can be enhanced by leveraging the low-frequency concentration property of time-domain pulses. The proposed PER represents a viable solution for miniaturized time-domain systems.