High-Fidelity Microwave Holography Using a Programmable Transmissive Metasurface With Enhanced Phase Modulation

To overcome limitations in imaging quality and dynamic control, a high-fidelity microwave holography system using a programmable transmissive metasurface with enhanced phase modulation is presented in this letter. Initially, through rigorous analyses and optimizations of electrical periodicity and phase resolution of the unit cell, the imaging performance is enhanced significantly. A novel cascaded structure is designed to achieve 3-bit transmissive phase modulation with a large phase coverage of up to 318°. Consequently, high-fidelity greyscale images across 9.8–10.6 GHz are realized. Based on frequency multiplexing combined with CMYK color decomposition, false full-color holographic image reconstruction is achieved, and information transmission capacity is increased. Measurements of the unit and array prototype demonstrated precise control over transmissive phase and effective dynamic hologram reconstruction. The proposed approach provides a promising solution for high-fidelity meta-hologram reconstruction, with potential applications in data storage, secure transmission, and holographic communication.