A Hybrid Micro-Thermoelectric Generator Combining Π-Type and Y-Type Configurations

To enhance waste-heat reutilization under non-uniform thermal fields and low temperature differences, a transverse-longitudinal hybrid micro thermoelectric generator based on Low-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic technology is proposed. The device is constructed through a synergistic layout that combines a high-density central Π-type thermocouple array with a peripheral spiral Y-type thermocouple array. Coplanar integration of hot and cold regions is implemented for the transverse and longitudinal arrays, and thermal driving is facilitated by a high-density dot matrix incorporating air cavities. Experimental results show that the proposed structure achieves a maximum voltage factor of 0.53 mV/cm²·K and a maximum power factor of 0.042 μW/cm²·K², representing increases of 33.8% and 23.5%, respectively, compared with a standalone transverse spiral TEG. It demonstrates that by effectively synergizing transverse and longitudinal thermal energy harvesting mechanisms, the proposed design offers an additional solution for micro-energy self-supply in electronic systems operating under non-uniform thermal fields.