Graphene BioResistor (GBR): A Resistive Sensing Approach for the Detection of Myoglobin

Early disease diagnosis has significant benefits in saving human lives by detecting various biomarkers existing in various organs, such as the liver, heart, kidney, etc. Therefore, Point of Care (PoC) diagnostic devices are the need of the hour. AMI is a condition in which reduced or obstructed coronary blood flow leads to oxygen deprivation, ultimately causing irreversible damage to cardiac tissue. Out of the major cardiac biomarkers, myoglobin (Mb) has higher concentrations in blood, therefore, it is important to detect Mb for cardiac conditions. There exist various approaches for detecting myoglobin, yet direct resistive approach is yet to be explored. Hence, this present work reports a novel way of detecting cardiac biomarker myoglobin, by developing a flexible and cost-effective graphene-based resistor named here as Graphene BioResistor. The Graphene BioResistor (GBR) masquerades antibodies of specific biomarkers on its surface to grasp only the antigen of its own kind providing a highly selective way of detection of cardiac biomarkers. The device analyses the behaviour of the concentration of analytes to the resistance of the sensor. The device is cost effective, flexible, and user-friendly because of its ease of fabrication and customisable surface properties. The multilayer porous 3D graphene surface provides the platform for the bio-analyte to settle on the pores with impressive stability. The SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) of the GBR is found to be 8.48. The Limit of Detection (LoD) and Limit of Quantification (LoQ) of the device are 27.96 ng/ml and 53.79 ng/ml respectively which are well within the ranges for AMI detection. The Reproducibility of GBR at a certain concentration is found to be 99.19% and repeatability is at 80.1%. This fabrication process of GBR can be utilized to detect several other biomarkers present in human body at a very minimal cost and ease of fabrication.