An Aging-Robust 32-MHz RC Frequency Reference With 0.4-ppm Allan Deviation and ±1550-ppm Inaccuracy From −40 °C to 125 °C After a 1-Point Trim

IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters 2026

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Authors: Sining Pan, Xiaohan Liu, Junlong Zeng, Yihang Cheng, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, Huaqiang Wu
DOI: 10.1109/lssc.2026.3664504
Cited by: 0
References: 11

Abstract

This letter presents an aging-robust 32MHz RC frequency reference based on a frequency-locked-loop (FLL). With a temperature compensation scheme that combines BJTs and aging-robust diffusion resistors, the FLL achieves ±1550ppm inaccuracy from -40∘C to 125∘C after batch calibration and a low-cost 1-point trim, which increases to ±2350ppm after accelerated aging. Due to the extensive use of dynamic error-correction techniques, the FLL also achieves a state-of-the-art Allan deviation floor of 0.4ppm.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design

Publication details

Journal / source
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters
Volume
9
Pages
81–84
Publication date
1 January 2026
Language
EN