Toward Spectral-Efficient URLLC: A Novel Movable Antenna-Aided Uplink RSMA Design for mBRLLC Services

Next-generation wireless systems require mobile broadband reliable low latency communication (mBRLLC) capabilities that simultaneously deliver high data rates, ultra-high reliability, and stringent latency constraints, necessitating a transition from traditional architectures to advanced and resilient multiple access schemes. To this end, this letter investigates a novel movable antenna (MA)-aided uplink rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) scheme under the constraint of short-packet transmission. To enable spectral-efficient resource allocation, we formulate a sum-rate maximization problem that jointly optimizes antenna positioning, receive combining matrix, power allocation, and decoding order, which faces the challenge of a combinatorial explosion in SIC decoding orders and high-dimensional variable coupling. To solve this NP-hard and non-convex problem, we develop an efficient resource management framework combining tree search with dynamic pruning and heterogeneous multi-agent reinforcement learning. Extensive simulations validate the superiority of the proposed MA-aided uplink RSMA schemes and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework, demonstrating significant performance improvements over conventional schemes.