SSPARE: Space Solar Power Autonomously Reconfigurable Elements

GEO communication satellites generate significant revenue but can only function reliably for approximately 10-15 years on orbit. One of the main drivers that limits the reliability of a GEO satellite is the electric power system, and in particular, anomalies related to batteries and degradation of the solar arrays. Given the high cost and relatively short lifespan of GEO satellites, there has been increased research activity towards developing on-orbit servicing systems. However, most of the existing servicing systems are expensive, highly customized, and focus on refueling tasks. On-orbit refueling can be very useful, however, it does not improve satellite reliability which is crucial for long-term missions. Therefore, we propose SSPARE (Space Solar Power Autonomously Reconfigurable Elements), a cost-effective, self-servicing power system. Aside from improving satellite reliability, SSPARE can generate up to 6 times more power per launch compared to a traditional GEO communication satellite. This study shows that the 10% increase in mass incurred by SSPARE results in a 33.8% overall cost savings over the life of a GEO satellite. Modular spacecraft concepts like SSPARE can extend mission lifespans, reduce the number of launches, and minimize space debris, paving the way for a more sustainable approach to space exploration.