Human–AI Interaction for Visual Media

Advances in artificial intelligence are transforming visual media, shifting the field from task automation toward systems that collaborate with human creators and analysts. This special issue examines how visual media technologies can support meaningful human–AI collaboration by balancing computational efficiency with human intention, authorship, and control. The four selected articles span foundational frameworks for AI agency, large language model (LLM)-assisted creative workflows, human–AI co-directed animation, and adaptive surgical simulation. Across these diverse applications, the contributions highlight both the opportunities and limitations of integrating AI into creative and analytical practices. Recurring themes include the distribution of agency, the negotiation of accountability, and the challenge of aligning computational outputs with human goals and subjective expression. Together, these articles advance the ongoing effort to design visual media systems that enhance rather than replace human creativity and expertise.