Quantum Optimization in Wireless Communication Systems: Principles and Applications

Quantum optimization is poised to play a transformative role in the design of next-generation wireless communication systems by addressing key computational and technological challenges. This article provides an overview of the principles of adiabatic quantum computing, the foundation of quantum optimization, and explores its two primary computational models: quantum annealing and the gate-based quantum approximate optimization algorithm. By highlighting their core features, performance benefits, limitations, and distinctions, we position these methods as promising tools for advancing wireless communication system design. As a case study, we examine the design of passive reconfigurable intelligent surface beamforming with binary phase-shift resolution, supported by experimental results obtained from real-world quantum hardware.