Development of the System for Energy Optimization Efficiency at Telecommunication Base Stations with Photovoltaic Integration

This paper investigates the energy optimization of telecommunication base stations through the integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of PV system inclusion on annual electricity consumption and the level of self-sufficiency, as well as to assess the technical and economic feasibility of such solutions. The analysis was conducted using the simulation model HOMER Grid, complemented with data from the HelioScope software tool, which enabled precise modeling of realistic weather conditions and load profiles. The dataset included hourly time series with 8760 samples, statistically processed using a onetailed$z$-test to verify the hypothesis of more than a 30 % reduction in grid energy consumption. The results showed a 22.37 % reduction in grid electricity consumption and a self-sufficiency rate of 23.73 %, with an average annual energy saving of 1.092.26 € and a payback period of 22.9 years. Despite the relatively low economic return ($I R R=0.69 \%$), the environmental benefits and potential for further optimization through the integration of battery energy storage systems (BESS) represent an important step toward sustainable development. The research provides a reference framework for future integration of PV systems in$5 G$and upcoming$6 G$base stations, contributing to the overall improvement of energy efficiency in telecommunication networks.