A PEDOT:PSS-Coated Bioimpedance Ingestible Device for Stable Sensing During GI Transit

This manuscript presents an ingestible bioimpedance sensing device featuring a conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) polymer-coated sensor and robust 3Dprinted packaging to achieve stable, high-sensitivity measurements in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. By leveraging electropolymerization, we achieve a uniform PEDOT:PSS film coverage, high-throughput sensor fabrication, and a 7.3-fold enhanced charge transfer capacity (CTC) over previous electrodeposition methodologies, while minimizing sensor drift in harsh GI environments. To enable device operation in vivo, the entire system is encapsulated in a watertight, biocompatible 3D-printed package ensuring the integrity of internal ingestible components. These innovations enable, for the first time, device operation in simulated GI fluids, demonstrating continuous, wireless measurements with minimal signal drift.