TMM-Enhanced Reliable, Concealed and Secure ISAC Architecture for Smart Grid Networks

As critical national infrastructure, the reliability and security of wireless communication and environmental sensing under the smart grid system face significant challenges in complex electromagnetic environments. This paper proposes an Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) architecture based on Time-Modulated Metasurface (TMM) to address these challenges. Leveraging TMM’s capability to simultaneously generate multiple controllable harmonics, the system enables highly reliable communication, sensing, and active electronic countermeasure functions on a single hardware platform, applicable to conventional data transmission, Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) inspection, and other scenarios. Using a time-modulated reflection with angle-adaptive linear phase, the system achieves deception in both range and Doppler, effectively shielding critical power infrastructure from radar detection. For communication security, TMM is used for directional modulation, focusing signals toward legitimate receivers while radiating jamming signals toward potential eavesdropping directions, thereby achieving physical-layer security. Simulation results demonstrate excellent performance in electronic countermeasure scenarios, providing an innovative solution for the secure operation of critical power facilities in complex electromagnetic environments.