Logic-Driven Semantic Communication for Resilient Multi-Agent Systems

The advent of 6G networks is accelerating autonomy, intelligence, and interconnectedness in large-scale, decentralized multi-agent systems (MAS). While this evolution enables highly adaptive behavior, it also heightens vulnerability to stressors such as environmental changes, faults, misinformation, and adversarial behavior. Existing literature on resilience in decentralized and multi-agent systems largely focuses on isolated aspects, such as fault tolerance or robustness, without offering a principled, unified definition of multi-agent resilience. This gap limits the ability to design systems that can continuously sense, adapt, and recover under dynamic conditions. This article proposes a formal definition of MAS resilience grounded in two complementary dimensions: epistemic resilience, wherein agents recover and sustain accurate knowledge of the environment, and action resilience, wherein agents leverage that knowledge to coordinate and sustain goals under disruptions. We formalize resilience via temporal epistemic logic and quantify it using recoverability time (how quickly desired properties are re-established after a disturbance) and durability time (how long accurate beliefs and goal-directed behavior are sustained after recovery). We design an agent architecture and develop decentralized algorithms to achieve both epistemic and action resilience. We further provide formal verification guarantees, showing that our specifications are sound with respect to the metric bounds and admit finite-horizon verification, enabling design-time certification and lightweight runtime monitoring. Through a case study on distributed multi-agent decision-making under abrupt network stressors, we show that our approach consistently outperforms baseline methods. Collectively, our formal verification analysis and simulation results highlight that the proposed framework enables resilient, knowledge-driven decision-making and sustained operation, laying the groundwork for resilient decentralized multi-agent systems in next-generation communication infrastructures.