Lightweight Local Market Protocols for Transactive EV Charging with Degradation-Aware Bidding

This paper presents a novel framework and lightweight market protocol for local transactive energy in distribution systems, targeting low-latency charging coordination of electric vehicles (EVs). The paper is about a smart way to manage$E V$charging in a neighborhood so that electricity is shared fairly, cheaply, and without overloading the power lines. We combine an optimization-based marketclearing engine implemented in MATLAB with a Simulink physical distribution feeder co-simulation. In order to increase long-term social welfare, agents (EVs, PV, and grid supplies) bid at periodic intervals; EV bids integrate the cost of battery degradation. Multiple market mechanisms simulated (uniform-price welfare-maximizing Linear Program (LP), pay-as-bid, continuous double auction) and study the impact of renewable penetration, EV penetration, ledger latency, and strategic biddingSome metrics are market efficacy, price instability, transmission demand and fluctuations in voltage, battery degradation cost, and computing complexity. It comes with the Simulink model and MATLAB tools that were used in the tests. Findings show that degradation-conscious bidding cuts down on unnecessary runs and long-term user costs, while lightweight centralized clearing with cryptographic receipts achieves delay of less than one minute for realistic agent populations.