Team Sports Coaching System Using Vibrotactile Feedback

Recent advances in sports coaching technology enable feedback via two main approaches: (a) terminal feedback, which provides performance metrics after gameplay, and (b) continuous feedback, which delivers real-time cues through methods like vibrotactile or auditory stimuli. However, most systems focus on individual performance, making them unsuitable for team sports, where coordinated movements and strategies are essential. This paper proposes a framework for real-time, simultaneous guidance in team sports. The system tracks player positions using a single RGB camera and provides continuous vibrotactile feedback, preserving auditory and visual attention for gameplay. The key contributions are: a lightweight player tracking system using YOLOv4 and coordinate transformations, achieving position estimates at 20 Hz, and a simultaneous vibrotactile guidance system that enables teams to form target formations by following the stimuli. We validate our system through two experiments. First, we assess the tracking accuracy in a virtual environment with four color-tagged moving models, analyzing RMSE across different speeds. Second, we evaluate the effectiveness of vibrotactile guidance by tracking and guiding two subjects through six target formations while measuring performance metrics.