Challenges in Modeling and Simulation for the Cryoprop Superconducting Aircraft Propulsion Demonstrator

This paper presents the multi-domain modelling and simulation framework developed within the Cryoprop project, which aims to deliver a 1-MW fully superconducting powertrain demonstrator. While detailed component-level physics models for superconducting hardware are well-established, a significant gap exists in system-level modelling for integrated powertrains, which is essential for understanding component interactions, developing control strategies, and optimizing overall system performance. Our work addresses this gap by creating a multi-fidelity simulation environment in Matlab/Simulink. This framework accommodates simulations across diverse timescales, from microsecond-resolution studies for electrical fault analysis to hour-long mission profiles for thermal management. The paper outlines the approaches for modelling key components, including the multiphase superconducting motor, cryogenic power electronics, and DC link. We outline the process we apply in model parameterization from high-fidelity 3D simulations and in verification and validation (V&V). A key finding is that validating model behavior under off-nominal conditions, particularly for superconducting quench events, remains a primary obstacle due to the inherent risks of destructive testing. We also highlight the need for up to date component sizing models when developing novel system architectures and describe their usage. We conclude that maturing these system-level modeling and V&V techniques is a prerequisite for the industrialization and eventual certification of superconducting aircraft propulsion systems.