TES Bolometer Design and Testing for the Tomographic Ionized-Carbon Mapping Experiment Millimeter Array

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Authors: Victoria Butler, James J. Bock, Dongwoo T. Chung, Abigail T. Crites, Clifford Frez, Annsley Greathouse, K. Lau, Ian Lowe, Dan P. Marrone, Evan C. Mayer, Benjamin J. Vaughan, Michael B. Zemcov
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Abstract

Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers are a well-established technology with a strong track record in experimental cosmology, making them ideal for current and future radio astronomy instruments. The Tomographic Ionized-carbon Mapping Experiment (TIME), in collaboration with JPL, has developed advanced silicon-nitride leg-isolated superconducting titanium detectors for 200-300 GHz observations of the Epoch of Reionization. TIME aims to fabricate a total of 1920 high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) detectors to fully populate the focal plane. TIME has successfully developed HF ($\sim 230-325$GHz) and LF ($\sim 183-230$GHz) wafers that are physically robust and perform well at cryogenic temperatures ($\sim$300 mK). Recent laboratory tests have shown high optical efficiencies for the LF wafers (30-40%), but low device yield for the HFs. To address this, new HF modules have been designed with improved cabling and a reduced backshort distance, and are expected to perform similarly to LFs in a similar lab setting. We report on the development of these detectors as well as recent laboratory and on-sky tests conducted at the Arizona Radio Observatory's (ARO) 12-meter prototype antenna at Kitt Peak National Observatory.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Superconducting and THz Device Technology Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies

Publication details

Journal / source
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
Volume
36
Issue
6
Pages
2103507–2103507
Publication date
18 May 2026
Language
EN