Resilient Load Frequency Control for Multi-Region Power Systems Against False Data Injection and Asynchronous Leakage Delays

The deceptive nature of false data injection (FDI) attacks and the hysteresis effect of asynchronous leakage delay (ALD) can weaken the resilient load frequency control (RLFC) system’s dynamic response and stability. Therefore, this paper investigates the system dynamic fluctuations caused by the coupling of FDI and ALD. First, a dynamic attack model is established. An attack modulator (AM) is introduced to dynamically adjust the attack process to accurately simulate attacks on critical control paths. Second, we systematically characterize the asynchronous leakage delay caused by multi-source communication link switching. This delay behavior is embedded into the control system. This enables the system to more comprehensively reflect feedback delay characteristics under complex communication environments. Next, a robust control method is designed to enhance the system’s response to FDI and ALD under these complex situations, which can effectively ensure the stability of the system. Then, the improved Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is used to analyze the system performance. Finally, simulations of a dual-region power system are conducted. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of disturbance immunity, control stability, and engineering adaptability.