Channel-Aware Distributed Transmission Control and Video Streaming in UAV Networks

In this paper, we study the problem of distributed transmission control and video streaming optimization for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in unlicensed spectrum bands. We develop a rigorous cross-layer analysis framework thatjointlyconsiders three inter-dependent factors: (i) in-band interference introduced by ground-aerial nodes at the physical (PHY) layer, (ii) limited-size queues with delay-constrained packet arrival at the medium access control (MAC) layer, and (iii) video encoding rate at the application layer. First, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the average throughput by optimizing the fading threshold (transmission policy). To this end, we jointly analyze the queue-related packet loss probabilities (i.e., buffer overflow and time threshold event) as well as the outage probability due to the low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). We introduce the Distributed Transmission Control (DTC) algorithm that maximizes the average throughput by adjusting transmission policies to balance the trade-offs between packet drop from queues vs. transmission errors due to low SINRs. Second, we incorporate the video distortion model to develop distributed peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) optimization for video streaming. The formulated optimization incorporates two cross-layer parameters, specifically the fading threshold and video encoding rate. To tackle this problem, we develop the Joint Distributed Video Transmission and Encoder Control (JDVT-EC) algorithm that enhances the average PSNR for all nodes by fine-tuning transmission policies and video encoding rates to balance the trade-offs between packet loss and lossy video compression distortions. Through extensive numerical analysis, we thoroughly examine the proposed algorithms and demonstrate that they are able to find the optimal transmission policies and video encoding rates under various scenarios. Notably, our approach improves the average throughput by 1.7% to 51.65% compared to various baselines, including the selfish and random policies. Additionally, we demonstrate an average PSNR increase of 0.24 dB and 1.7 dB compared to separately optimizing the fading threshold and video encoding rate, respectively.