Multi-Frequency Resonating-Based Magnetic Induction Underground Emergency Communications With Diverse Mediums

Magnetic induction (MI) communication is an effective underground emergency communication technique after disasters such as landslides, mine collapses, and earthquakes, due to its advantages in mediums such as soil, concrete, and metals. However, the propagation mediums in practical MI based underground emergency communications are usually diverse and composed randomly due to the impact of disasters, which poses a challenge for MI communication in practical applications. In this paper, we formulate a statistical fading channel model, which reflects the random composition of diverse mediums and is shown to follow a lognormal distribution. To mitigate the impact of diverse medium fading, Multi-frequency Resonating Compensation (MuReC) based coils are used to achieve multi-band transmission. Then, we analyze the performance of MuReC based multi-band MI communication with diverse medium fading and derive the expressions of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) probability density functions, ergodic capaciteis, average bit error rates (BERs), and outage probabilities for both multiplexing and diversity cases. Numerical results show that MuReC based multi-band transmission schemes can effectively reduce the impact of diverse medium fading and enhance the performance.