Bat Algorithm-Based Energy Beamforming for Wireless Power Transfer With Dynamic Metasurface Antennas

This paper investigates the problem of energy beamforming for wireless power transfer (WPT) using dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs).We propose a novel solution based on the bat algorithm (BA) to efficiently optimize the beamforming process. The proposed BA-based scheme enables simultaneous charging of multiple devices while avoiding power transmission in specific directions, such as areas where people or animals may be present. Our approach provides a robust and computationally efficient solution, considering key system constraints, including power transfer efficiency, antenna configurations, and DMA characteristics. Simulation results demonstrate that the BA-based method outperforms existing techniques in the literature, particularly those relying on alternating optimization, by achieving lower total power consumption and reduced computational complexity. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed method as a promising solution for future WPT systems employing DMAs.