A Framework for Understanding Blockchain Adoption in Supply Chain Operations: A Multicase Study

Blockchain has gained significant attention, but operations literature lacks an integrated framework capturing its adoption dynamics. This paper addresses the gap through a multi-case study, proposing a framework that examines drivers, enablers, resistors, mechanisms, and outcomes of blockchain adoption in supply chains. The process is segmented into three phases—preadoption, early adoption, and full adoption—across technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions. Findings show organizational and environmental factors dominate preadoption, while enablers and resistors shape early adoption. In full adoption, mechanisms such as resilience, trust, visibility, information sharing, and cost reduction deliver operational benefits. The study offers valuable insights for researchers and practitioners to better understand and implement blockchain in supply chain operations.