Unlocking Effective Crisis Leadership Amidst Healthcare Supply Chain Disruptions: The Nonlinear Effect of Organizational Culture

The healthcare sector's vulnerability to societal disruptions was highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain challenges. This study applies Upper Echelon Theory (UET) to crisis contexts, focusing on Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being). Unlike prior work that emphasised leaders' immediate actions, this research examines how organisational culture influences the link between crisis leadership and healthcare supply chain resilience. Survey data from 179 participants using structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) reveal a non-linear relationship: balancing flexibility and control in organisational culture is vital for supply chain resilience. Effective crisis leadership, backed by a strong organisational culture, boosts supply chain robustness and adaptability. Additionally, 18 qualitative interviews identified key traits for crisis leaders: communication, transparency, resilience, trust, and empathy. The findings underline the crucial role of crisis leadership and balanced organisational culture in overcoming supply chain disruptions. The study recommends that managers and policymakers cultivate such cultures to enhance resilience. Limitations are noted, and future research should further explore how culture and leadership interact in uncertain environments.