A Charging Coordination Strategy for Seamless Integration of Plug-In Electric Vehicles Into a Distribution Network

The growing adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has significantly increased electricity demand, necessitating upgrades to both the power grid and charging infrastructure. Uncoordinated charging of PEVs can result in an increased power losses and the overloading of distribution lines, leading to higher operational costs. This work proposes a coordinated charging methodology that incorporates both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations to facilitate the smooth incorporation of PEVs in distribution system. To assess the technical and economic implications of PEV adoption, a comprehensive charging strategy is developed to minimize the operational costs of charging stations (CSs). The problem is modeled as a single-objective optimization task and solved using the exponential distribution-based particle swarm optimization (EDPSO), effectively reducing energy costs, reducing system power losses, and preventing overloading. For comparison, the proposed model is also solved using the advanced PSO (APSO), and the basic PSO. The methodology is tested on a 33-bus radial distribution network, integrating CSs located at industrial nodes with solar and wind energy. Feasibility is analyzed under scenarios including and excluding solar and wind energy to ensure that distribution connections remain within safe limits despite the addition of PEVs.