Aggregated Flexibility of DERs for Enhancing the Power Grid Resilience Considering Frequency Stability Constraints in Typhoons

The increasing penetration of variable wind and solar generation leads to a progressive reduction in system inertia, while the growing frequency and uncertainty of extreme weather events such as typhoons pose substantial threats to the frequency stability and overall resilience of power grids. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework that exploits the ggregated flexibility of distributed energy resources (DERs) to enhance grid resilience against typhoons under explicit frequency stability constraints. First, considering the spatiotemporal impacts of typhoons on the power system, a hybrid data-driven model is developed to reconstruct weather-affected operating conditions, in which a multimodal neural network is employed to extract and characterize complex meteorological features. Second, to aggregate heterogeneous DERs with the potential to support resilient transmission system operation, a two-stage adaptive robust optimization (ARO) model is formulated to maximize the dispatchable flexibility range of aggregated DERs while guaranteeing feasible decomposition under both normal and extreme weather scenarios. Third, a multistage resilience enhancement model against typhoons is established by incorporating analytically formulated and linearized frequency stability constraints, enabling the coordinated co-optimization of preventive and corrective actions. Numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively expands the available flexibility of aggregated DERs, maintains frequency stability during typhoon contingencies, and significantly improves the overall resilience of the power grid.