Thermal Runaway Warning for Lithium-Ion Battery in Energy Storage Station Based on Quasi-Energy Consumption

An increasing number of battery energy storage station (BESS) is constructed to support the power grid with high penetration of renewable energy sources. However, battery thermal runaway (TR) occurred in BESSs seriously threatens the safe operation of the BESS, so it is important to develop TR warning methods for the BESS. In this work, a TR warning method based on quasi-energy consumption is proposed, which can detect the TR effectively and reliably. Firstly, a TR characteristic is extracted by integrating the voltage drop and charging current into quasi-energy consumption to distinguish the normal batteries and batteries on the verge of TR. Secondly, a reliability threshold setting method is proposed to prevent misdiagnosis for normal battery under the steady-state operating conditions of BESS. Thirdly, a current disturbance immunity method is incorporated to achieve reliable TR warning under transient-state operating conditions of BESS. Finally, overcharge-induced battery TR experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness, and operating data of a real BESS connected to the power grid is utilized to verify the misdiagnosis prevention performance of the proposed method.