Planning-Operation Coordinated Mitigation for Load Redistribution Attacks in Optimal Power Flow With Phase Shifting Transformers

In this article, we propose a planning-operation coordinated mitigation scheme for load redistribution (LR) attacks to overcome the deficiencies of separately designed phase shifting transformer-based mitigation strategies. Specifically, the interactions amongst the defender, attacker, and system are formulated as a trilevel optimization, where the deployment of defense devices and phase shift angles can be optimized according to possible operation state. Based on the proposed load similarity metric, a clustering-based approximate solution is designed to reduce the computational complexity caused by the integration of planning and operation stages. Simulation results on the IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus test systems verify the performance of the proposed mitigation scheme and the clustering-based approximate solution method.