Research on AUV Magnetic Interference Parameter Identification Based on Geomagnetic Simulation Method and L-SHADE Algorithm

Adopting an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for marine magnetic field information collection and detection demonstrates broad application prospects. To tackle the key problem in magnetic interference compensation for AUV magnetometer platforms, a novel paradigm for magnetic interference parameter identification is proposed based on “geomagnetic simulation method” (GSM) and success history-based adaptive differential evolution with success history-based adaptive differential evolution with linear population size reduction (L-SHADE) algorithm. The core innovation of this method lies in its use of active geomagnetic simulation to control the external magnetic field, effectively replacing the need for the AUV magnetometer platform’s physical motion. This approach fundamentally circumvents the reliance on high-precision inertial navigation systems. Subsequently, the accurate and rapid identification of parameters is achieved by integrating this simulation with the aforementioned optimization technique. First, a hybrid model of an ellipsoidal shell and magnetic dipoles has been established to characterize the induced and permanent magnetic fields of the AUV. Second, Helmholtz coils have been employed to control and simulate the variations of the external magnetic field during the AUV magnetometer platform’s motion, thereby replacing the actual motion attitude changes of the carrier. Finally, a magnetic interference parameter identification model has been developed, and the L-SHADE algorithm has been employed to optimize and solve the model parameters. Numerical simulation analyses were employed to investigate the propagation law of measurement accuracy with errors for the AUV magnetometer platform under the two schemes. The results demonstrate that the engineering practicability of the GSM is significantly superior to that of the traditional motion-dependent method (TMDM). The designed magnetic interference parameter identification experiment for the AUV magnetometer platform demonstrates that, under a magnetic field control error of 20 nT in the GSM, the resolving error of the actual geomagnetic field is 19.53 nT. This represents a significant reduction compared to the resolving error of the TMDM. This study lays a solid foundation for AUV platforms in high-precision underwater resource exploration, underwater magnetic target identification, and ship degaussing assessment applications.