A Flexible and Scalable IoT Measurement Platform for Smart Agriculture and Environmental Sensing

This paper presents the design, implementation, and validation of a flexible and scalable IoT measurement platform specifically conceived for environmental and agricultural monitoring applications. The system integrates heterogeneous sensors, multi-radio connectivity and solar energy harvesting for long-term autonomy. A one-year deployment in a vineyard near Siena, Italy, confirmed high data consistency, energy autonomy, and network robustness. The LoRaWAN network achieved a packet loss below 2%, and the power management unit ensured continuous operation without unexpected outages. Cross-validation among sensors and reference instruments confirmed the stability of the measurements, with negligible drift, and consistent correlation between the measured quantities was proved.