Training-Free and Unbiased Graph Collaborative Filtering for Personalized Recommendations

With the widespread adoption of collaborative filtering techniques for personalized recommendations, exposure bias has become a significant challenge.Exposure biasrefers to the tendency of recommendation models to disproportionately favor items with high exposure over those with low exposure. In graph collaborative filtering that uses graph neural networks (GNNs) for recommendations, exposure bias can be exacerbated due to 1) the reliance on positive feedback during graph construction and 2) the effects of the neighbor aggregation step in GNNs. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel and efficient framework called FUGCF (training-Free andUnbiasedGraphCollaborativeFiltering) to improve both the accuracy and bias mitigation of graph-based personalized recommendations. FUGCF employs a two-stage calculation strategy: it estimates exposure probabilities in the first stage and then leverages them to help derive debiased node embeddings in the second stage. Furthermore, we design a training-free estimation method for FUGCF based on closed-form solutions to enhance its computational efficiency. The extensive experiments on a synthetic dataset and three real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of FUGCF in reducing exposure bias, improving recommendation accuracy, and optimizing computational efficiency.