ECAEP: An Energy-Efficient Clustering Approach Based on Wireless Energy Provision Mechanism for the Wireless Sensor Network

Clustering mechanism and the Wireless Energy Transfer (WET) technology are pivotal for enhancing the energy efficiency of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). However, existing clustering algorithms often fail to fully optimize energy efficiency, while WET face the challenge of spatial-temporal instability in energy. To address these challenges, an Energy efficient Clustering Approach based on wireless Energy Provision (ECAEP) mechanism is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a Clustering method integrated the Probability Theory and Multiple Factors (CPMF) is presented, in which multiple factors are taken into consideration to optimize cluster head election. Additionally, an energy provision mechanism based on WET is designed to enable mutual energy complementarity among sensor nodes. The issue of energy supply path planning is transformed into a shortest path problem, which is solved through the Dijkstra-based Energy efficient Supply Attenuation Coefficient (DESAC) algorithm. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ECAEP, and results exhibit improvements in packet delivery to the Sink by 26.5%, 27.0%, and 35.3% over LEACH; by 28.9%, 8%, and 8.5% over R-LEACH, by 12.3%, 14.0%, and 15.1% over HHCA, by 6.3%, 6.1%, and 10.9% over GWOA-CH in three different scenarios respectively.