Teleoperating Autonomous Vehicles Over Commercial 5G Networks: Are We There Yet?

Remote driving, orteleoperating AutonomousVehicles (AVs), is a key application that emerging 5G networks aim to support. In this paper, we conduct a systematic feasibility study of AV teleoperation over commercial 5G networks from bothcross-layerandend-to-end (E2E)perspectives. Given the critical importance oftimely delivery of sensor data, such as camera and LiDAR data, for AV teleoperation, we focus in particular on the performance of uplink sensor data delivery. We analyze the impact of Physical Layer (PHY layer) 5G radio network factors, including channel conditions, radio resource allocation, and Handovers (HOs), on E2E latency performance. We also examine the impact of 5G networks on the performance of upper-layer protocols and E2E application Quality-of-Experience (QoE) of the adaptation mechanisms used for real-time sensor data delivery, such as Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) and Web Real Time Communication (WebRTC). Our study reveals the challenges posed by today’s 5G networks and the limitations of existing sensor data streaming mechanisms. The insights gained will help inform the co-design of future-generation wireless networks, edge cloud systems, and applications to overcome the low-latency barriers in AV teleoperation.