Advanced Model Predictive Control for Large-Capacity Grid-Tied Power Conversion: High Power Quality Techniques at Low Switching Frequency

Largesingle-unit capacity, offering lower construction and maintenance costs, has become an important trend in renewable energy. However, constrained by switching losses, large-capacity power converters have to operate at low switching frequencies, leading to significant challenges in maintaining control performance. Over the past few decades, model predictive control (MPC), due to its ability to directly manipulate switching actions and its inherent flexibility in handling constraints and multiobjectives, has emerged as a promising solution. However, a unified and comparative review of these improved MPC strategies for low switching-frequency operation remains limited, making it difficult for researchers and engineers to clearly understand their respective features, strengths, and limitations. Motivated by the above, this article systematically reviews the underlying principles and recent developments of MPC strategies tailored for low switching frequency and presents a comprehensive benchmark that evaluates their performance in terms of harmonic distortion, dynamic response, grid-code compliance, robustness under nonideal conditions, and computational load. Finally, future research directions are outlined to support the development and practical deployment of MPCs in large-capacity applications at low switching frequency.