Toward Realism: Sparse Matrix Statistics in the North American and Synthetic Electric Grid Models
Abstract
This letter uses sparse matrix statistics to highlight a structural gap between North American grid models and the synthetic cases commonly used in research. North American grids exhibit area-based modularity, characterized by dense intra-area links and limited inter-area connectivity. By contrast, synthetic grids often over-mesh across areas. Analysis shows that these surplus tie lines increase fills in the Jacobian factorization, which reduces realism and computational efficiency. The observations confirm that inter-area connectivity influences sparse matrix behavior. This work emphasizes the importance of incorporating modular structure into synthetic grid design.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Complex Network Analysis Techniques
Interconnection Networks and Systems
VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques
Publication details
- Journal / source
- IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
- Publisher
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 2422–2425
- Publication date
- 20 February 2026