Nodal Frequency Nadir Chance-Constrained Economic Dispatch Considering Contingency Frequency Service From Hydrogen Electrolysis

Providing contingency frequency services (CFSs) through grid-forming (GFM) converter-interfaced resources (CIRs) is a technically effective method for bolstering the frequency stability of low-inertia power systems. However, this approach often causes significant power curtailment or high capital investment. Moreover, the heterogeneous dynamic characteristics of CIRs and increasing uncertainty of renewable energy sources (RESs) renders system-level frequency metrics under deterministic conditions insufficient, necessitating the incorporation of uncertain nodal frequency nadir (NFN) to ensure comprehensive frequency stability. To address these gaps, this paper proposes a novel NFN chance-constrained economic dispatch framework, which leverages hydrogen electrolysis systems (HESs) as cost-effective sources of CFSs. The framework first establishes a synergistic operation strategy for integrated grid-following RESs and GFM HESs to enable efficient delivery of CFSs under stochastic contingencies. System-level power dispatch decisions and device-level CIR settings (i.e., control mode) are then co-optimized to minimize operation costs while ensuring both the system-level and node-level frequency stability. Finally, to overcome the computational burden of the nonlinear NFN chance constraints, a computationally tractable solution methodology is developed that leverages input convex neural networks with analytical sensitivity analysis and Benders decomposition methods. The effectiveness and scalability of the proposed approach are validated through numerical simulations on two test systems.