Integrated Planning of Urban Distribution Network and Multi-Charging Infrastructures with Smart Transportation System

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EV) and the widespread use of intelligent transportation information are strengthening the coupling between public charging infrastructure and urban distribution networks (UDN). Existing studies have investigated traffic-aware charging station planning, multi-type charging facilities, and distributed generation resource (DGR) coordination from different perspectives; however, the coordinated design of station level compatible charging portfolios and UDN planning remains insufficiently explored. This paper proposes an integrated planning model for UDN and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) with multiple charging infrastructures and DGRs. In the proposed model, each EVCS can deploy fast-charging facilities (FCFs) and slow-charging facilities (SCFs), where FCFs are equipped with multi-power interfaces and can accommodate both fast- and slow-charging requests, whereas SCFs serve slow-charging requests only. Population-aware charging demand and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) informed congestion corrected routing costs are embedded into the planning model to reflect the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of EV charging behaviors. A two-step reformulation is further developed for the compatible charger deployment problem, yielding a mixed-integer quadratically constrained quadratic programming (MIQCQP) model. The proposed method is tested on a 47-node UDN coupled with a 68-hub urban traffic network in Shenzhen, China. Case studies show that compatible charger deployment improves planning flexibility, reduces the annualized total cost, and leads to region dependent charger portfolios; moreover, as EV penetration increases, flexible FCF deployment becomes increasingly attractive in the optimal plan.