V$^{2}$Share: Blockchain-Enabled Verifiable Data Sharing With Privacy Preserving in Vehicular Social Networks

Vehicular social networks (VSNs) demand secure and efficient data sharing while preserving user privacy. However, existing searchable-encryption–based solutions rely on centralized infrastructures and suffer from high computation overhead, interaction dependency, and unverifiable results. To address these limitations, we proposeV$^{2}$Share, a blockchain-based framework that enables decentralized, privacy-preserving, and verifiable vehicular data sharing, while satisfying forward-and-Type-II-backward security.V$^{2}$Shareintroduces: (1) an authorization-based on-chain access control method using lightweight deterministic hashing to hide access policies; (2) a time synchronization-based non-interactive search-token generation strategy achieving forward/backward-secure queries without owner–user interactions; and (3) a multiset hash-based lightweight result verification mechanism that ensures result integrity with minimal overhead. Security analysis proves confidentiality and verifiability, while Ethereum-based experiments demonstrate thatV$^{2}$Sharesignificantly reduces computation, storage, and communication costs compared with existing solutions.