A Novel Approach for OAM Mode Measurement With Partial Aperture Reception via Matrix Reconstruction

The infinite orthogonality of vortex electromagnetic wave modes offers significant potential for wireless communication applications. Although partial aperture reception schemes are designed as an efficient way to conserve spatial resources, they degrade the inherent orthogonality, leading to mode crosstalk. Traditional methods suffer from poor noise resilience and require excessive array resources for accurate mode measurement. This paper proposes a matrix reconstruction method that incorporates the time dimension to establish a two-dimensional signal model and further reconstructs the received two-dimensional signal matrix into a nested Hankel matrix to enhance noise resilience. Compared to state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed method achieves superior mode measurement accuracy under the same resource constraints, while offering systematic guidelines for parameter optimization as well. Simulation results demonstrate that the method exhibits excellent performance in terms of noise resilience and adaptability to spatial sampling.