sUAV-JSL: A Novel Single UAV-Based Jamming Sources Localization Scheme in GNSS and Communication Denial Environment

In an electronic warfare environment where both global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and communication are denied, the ground-based jamming sources localization approaches suffer from limited mobility, whereas multi-UAV-based approaches become infeasible under communication jamming due to their reliance on data exchange. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a single UAV-based jamming sources localization (sUAV-JSL) scheme, which firstly employs an improved multiple signal classification (I-MUSIC) direction-finding module based on principal component analysis (PCA) to eliminate dependence on the number of prior jamming sources. Secondly, a single-UAV fixed-point iterative (SFPI) localization scheme is developed for dynamically updated observation geometry. Finally, a path planning strategy based on minimizing the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) trace is employed to improve localization efficiency. Simulation results show that the DF algorithm of the sUAV-JSL reduces the average DF error by 87$\%$compared to the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) algorithm under a specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenario. The average root mean square error (RMSE) of the localization algorithm of the sUAV-JSL is 32$\%$lower than that of the weighted least-squares (WLS) algorithm. Moreover, the sUAV-JSL achieves approximately 75$\%$faster localization speed compared to the localization without path planning. In addition, the joint simulation results further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sUAV-JSL scheme.